Physician-scientist training is built on continuous dyadic conversations between a mentee and a mentor. Mentees have always learned through such conversations about prioritization, professionalism, ethics, and the navigation of a productive career. Previous work on mentorship focused on broadly defining ‘‘good mentoring’’ for all mentees, overlooking the additional barriers firstgeneration and underrepresented in medicine (UiM) trainees encounter—the minority tax, the gratitude tax, tokenism, and the intersectionality of diverse individuals—and the specific mentorship needed to overcome them. As medicine strives to better integrate and support first-generation and UiM mentees as early-career physician-scientists, we suggest there are additional conversations mentors and mentees should initiate to help first-generation and UiM early-career physician-scientists mitigate and overcome barriers they often encounter in academic medicine. Consider four examples of common scenarios encountered by first-generation and UiM trainees and potential solutions.
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